Environment -global awareness of global warming
In many parts of world the accelerated economic development brought by globalization has produced negative environmental impacts. Global warming is caused by increased industrial pollution, privatization of public resources, such as water, clearing of land or marshes to make way for farmers trying to eke out more profits on international markets or multinational or for multinational companies looking to build new factories . However growing global awareness and campaigns by environmental groups are also having some impacts in saving Eco-systems and endangered species.
The primary cause of global warming is carbon dioxide emission . Co2 is being pumped into our atmosphere an insane pace, billion tonnes co2 entered last year into atmosphere. Of this is due to natural activity such as volcanic eruptions and people breathing. But earth is equipped to easily absorb those into the normal regenerative process. Now the beginning of global warming was caused by fossil fuels being turned and emitting plenty of co2.
Currently the world of all co2 emissions are caused by power plants. These are burning of coal, natural gas and diesel fuel. Some power plants burn garbage. Some burn methane made from garbage.
The 33 per cent of all co2 sent forth is the product of cars and trucks. Internal combustion engines burning fossil fuels, gasoline and diesel spew forth stretching amount of co2.
35 percent of co2 emissions are released from air craft traveling our friendly skies. Unfortunately jets and air craft deliver their pay load of pollutants into troposphere .
A study of meteorological records by Indian government showed that a average temperature across country increased by 0.4 degree Celsius through 20th century, whilst sea levels rose by 10-25 cm.
These trends are predicted with a high degree of confidence to continue and accelerate during current century-temperature has direct impacts on crop yields . India’s most respected plant scientist M.S. Swami Nathan estimates that one degree Celsius rise in temperature will reduce the wheat growing season by a week. Studies suggest that one metre rise in sea level would displace over 7 million people. Three of major cities -Mumbai ,Kolkata and Chennai -must contemplate this risk over 60 million people living in low lying areas along the country’s vast coastline may experience difficulties as aquifers become degraded by saline intrusion.
The indirect impact of rising temperature on rainfall is more difficult to predict . High resolution climate modes for India remain embryonic a short coming of especial relevance for country’s whose climate ranges from Rajasthan desert to the humid sub-tropical states of south India.
The broad expectation is for fewer wet days but more intensive rainfall implying shorter monsoon with heightened risk of floods and drought. The future may have been glimpsed in the exceptional of Bihar floods in 2008 and failure of 2009 monsoon.
The incidence of cyclones is also the subject of uncertainty but the risk of intensity is regarded as high. The bulge of population in coastal regions in such that 370 million people in India experience one or more cyclones each year.
Climate has obvious and direct effects on agriculture production green house gases (GHG) implication of agriculture and large. The inter government panel on climate change (IPCC) has reported that agriculture is responsible for over quarter total global gross green house gas emissions. Given that agriculture share in global gross domestic product (GDP) is about 4 percent, these figures suggest that agriculture is highly GHG intensive. It suggested the potential role of innovation agriculture practices and techniques can play climate change mitigation and adoption.
These prompted lead to several specific investments and policy priorities in agriculture
1. Investing in public agriculture R&D in developing countries
2. Rebuilding and expanding public agriculture research capacity in developing countries
3. Harnessing agriculture bio-technology as a potentially important option
4.encouraging complementarity between public and private agriculture, helping to mitigate risk
5.investing in better information forecasts on monsoons.
6.Supporting competitive and responsive agriculture markets
7.Encouraging investments that improve special market integration
The following innovative agriculture techniques can play climate change mitigation and adoption.
Impact of global warming of fisheries
“fisheries are globally important economic activity not least from perspective of human nutrition and under developed societies “ writes Rognvaldur Hannesson of Norwegian school economics and business administration.
“Fisheries due to their primitive nature are among human activities most exposed to climate changes .”
The out put of fisheries, as well as their cost and benefit are “ directly and strongly affected by variations in natural condition “ Harnnesson adds “ habitat conditions, which are main determinants of productivity and location of fisheries are strongly affected by ocean and atmospheric temperatures. The prospects of substantial global warming ,therefore lead to concern about what this is likely to mean for world fisheries
The focus of effort was to slow the building up of carbon dioxide (co2) which primary gas contributing to the threat of increased global warming . Concentration of green house gasses in the atmosphere are increasing . Most scientists in the international scientific community agree that increases in green house gases will change the climate. There is considerable uncertainty regarding of amount of warming, its timing and the regional pattern of change. However even with uncertainty it is prudent to embark on a strategy to reduce green house gases emission economic and environmental goals reducing the air pollution, providing cost effective electric power and natural gas service, increasing reliance on renewable energy sources, reducing energy bills business and families, expanding recycling, preventing urban sprawl and traffic congestion and promoting the tree plantation .
Since the effects of global warming will take time to be apparent, it is necessary to educate general public about long term consequences .community goals such as waste reduction, improved air quality, energy conservation, reduced traffic congestion, urban livability can help us achieve our co2 reduction goals. We need to go beyond business as usual if we are to take the first step to reduce our co2 emissions and reduce threat of global warming.
The coal when burned dirtiest of all fossil fuel. A range of technologies are being used and developed to reduce the environmental impact of coal from fired power stations. This clean coal technology (CCT) is name attributed to the coal chemically washed of minerals and impurities, some time gasified, burned and the resulting the flue gas heated with steam with the purpose of removing sulfur dioxide and burned so as to make carbon dioxide in the flue gas economically recoverable .
It is known fact that, the burning of coal a fossil fuel, is principal causes of anthropogenic climate change and global warming. In fact the by products of coal combustion are very hazardous the environment if not properly. This is to be seen technology largest challenge. While it is possible to remove most of sulfur dioxide (so2),nitrogen oxide (NOX) and particulate (PM) emissions from coal burning process carbon dioxide emission will be more difficult. As we have to develop technologies to reduce environmental effect of coal on the earth.
Carbon capture and storage
Carbon capture and storage (CCS ) is the process of capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from large industrial sources before it is released to atmosphere , and then safely transporting the CO2 and storing it in mature oil &gas reservoir or deep geological formations.
CCS is proven technically viable and environmentally safe means of reducing green house gases (GHG) .It is country’s largest potential CO2 mitigation option and critical part of GHG reduction and energy strategies.
The following suggested for reducing global warming.
1. Reducing our green house gas emission.
2. Promoting energy efficiency
3. Adopting to climate change impacts
4. General awareness about global warming to help future citizens .
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